SPAs are prone to client-side vulnerabilities, especially around access control. To secure them, implement strong API access controls and consider server-side rendering to limit unauthorized data access. Techniques like route manipulation and accessing hidden elements via JavaScript debugging make exploitation easier. Key mitigation strategies include robust role-based API checks, JWTs for sessions, and regular penetration testing to identify security gaps. Focus on server-side controls to enforce permissions before rendering content, enhancing overall app security.
https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/single-page-applications-vulnerable/